砂輪試驗機由主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)和(he)測力(li)系統兩(liang)部(bu)分組成(cheng)(cheng)，兩(liang)者通(tong)過(guo)(guo)高壓(ya)(ya)軟管聯接(jie)。主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)底座、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺、立柱、絲(si)(si)杠(gang)(gang)、移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)以(yi)及上(shang)(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)組成(cheng)(cheng)。其中(zhong)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)安(an)裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)下(xia)鉗口，下(xia)部(bu)安(an)裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)板，上(shang)(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)下(xia)部(bu)安(an)裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)鉗口，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺、上(shang)(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)兩(liang)根立柱連接(jie)，構成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)剛性框(kuang)架。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺與活塞(sai)連接(jie)，移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)螺母連接(jie)在絲(si)(si)杠(gang)(gang)上(shang)(shang)，隨著絲(si)(si)杠(gang)(gang)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而作(zuo)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。絲(si)(si)杠(gang)(gang)的驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)構由驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電機(ji)(ji)、鏈輪、鏈條組成(cheng)(cheng)。驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電機(ji)(ji)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)鏈條傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)使兩(liang)根絲(si)(si)杠(gang)(gang)同步轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。由高壓(ya)(ya)油泵(beng)向(xiang)油缸內供油使活塞(sai)上(shang)(shang)升，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而進(jin)(jin)行試樣的拉(la)(la)伸、剪切試驗(yan)(yan)和(he)抗壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)。拉(la)(la)伸和(he)剪切試驗(yan)(yan)在移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)和(he)上(shang)(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)之間(jian)進(jin)(jin)行，抗壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺和(he)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)之間(jian)進(jin)(jin)行。

    送(song)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)閥(fa)(fa)，送(song)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)閥(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)分(fen)路式流量調節(jie)閥(fa)(fa)，它由(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)可變節(jie)流器和一(yi)(yi)個(ge)定(ding)(ding)差(cha)減壓閥(fa)(fa)并聯組(zu)成(cheng)。回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)緩沖閥(fa)(fa)回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)緩沖閥(fa)(fa)由(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)卸荷開(kai)(kai)(kai)關和一(yi)(yi)個(ge)回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)節(jie)流閥(fa)(fa)組(zu)成(cheng)，其(qi)目的(de)是(shi)(shi)卸除(chu)載荷及使工作(zuo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)壓迅(xun)速(su)下降。液(ye)壓系統(tong)原理，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)內的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)被吸入油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵，經油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵出油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管送(song)至送(song)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)閥(fa)(fa)，當(dang)送(song)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)閥(fa)(fa)門完全(quan)關閉時，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)壓升高，直至將定(ding)(ding)差(cha)減壓閥(fa)(fa)打開(kai)(kai)(kai)，壓力油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經電磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)進入夾緊油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)，控制上下鉗口的(de)夾緊與松開(kai)(kai)(kai)。當(dang)送(song)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)閥(fa)(fa)打開(kai)(kai)(kai)時，壓力油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)送(song)入工作(zuo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)內，可使油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)內的(de)活塞升起。當(dang)工作(zuo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)負荷突然消失時（打開(kai)(kai)(kai)回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)閥(fa)(fa)或試樣斷裂）工作(zuo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)立即卸荷。試驗(yan)機(ji)測力系統(tong)，所有控制運算及狀態(tai)設(she)置(zhi)均由(you)計算機(ji)軟(ruan)件完成(cheng)。該軟(ruan)件集成(cheng)了水(shui)泥，砂漿(jiang)，磚塊，混凝(ning)土等的(de)抗(kang)壓試驗(yan)，以(yi)及混凝(ning)土抗(kang)折的(de)試驗(yan)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)五(wu)合一(yi)(yi)的(de)軟(ruan)件。

    試驗機(ji)的(de)測(ce)量部分(fen)，測(ce)量部分(fen)屬(shu)于(yu)電(dian)器(qi)元件，都(dou)安裝在主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)上(shang)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由力(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)、電(dian)子引伸計、拉繩傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)組成，它們的(de)功能(neng)是測(ce)量材料的(de)試驗力(li)及材料拉伸時的(de)位移、變形等(deng)測(ce)量。動力(li)驅動部分(fen)，動力(li)驅動部分(fen)是為主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)提(ti)供油(you)壓(ya)壓(ya)力(li)的(de)關鍵部件，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由高(gao)壓(ya)齒輪泵、電(dian)液伺服閥(fa)、高(gao)壓(ya)濾油(you)器(qi)、液位計、油(you)箱、調(diao)節閥(fa)、閥(fa)塊(kuai)等(deng)組成。