一個不平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)的(de)轉子在(zai)(zai)其(qi)旋(xuan)轉過程中對其(qi)支(zhi)承(cheng)結構(gou)和轉子本(ben)身產生(sheng)一個壓力,并導致振(zhen)動(dong)。因此,對轉子的(de)動(dong)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)是十分(fen)必須的(de),平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)機就是對轉子在(zai)(zai)旋(xuan)轉狀態下進(jin)行動(dong)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)較驗(yan)。　動(dong)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)的(de)作用(yong)是:1、提高(gao)轉子及其(qi)構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)產品(pin)質量;減小噪聲;2、減小振(zhen)動(dong)。3、提高(gao)支(zhi)承(cheng)部件(軸承(cheng))的(de)使用(yong)壽命。4、降低使用(yong)者的(de)不舒適(shi)感(gan)。5、降低產品(pin)的(de)功耗。

傳動方式(shi)

平衡(heng)機(ji)(ji)拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式(shi)有圈(quan)帶(dai)拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，聯(lian)(lian)軸節拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和自驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。圈(quan)帶(dai)拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)橡膠(jiao)環形帶(dai)或(huo)絲織環形帶(dai)，由電機(ji)(ji)皮帶(dai)輪拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子，因此(ci)圈(quan)帶(dai)拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)要(yao)求轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子表面(mian)(mian)必須有光滑的(de)(de)圓柱表面(mian)(mian)，圈(quan)帶(dai)拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)影響(xiang)(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)量，平衡(heng)精(jing)度(du)高。聯(lian)(lian)軸節拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)萬向節將平衡(heng)機(ji)(ji)主軸與轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子相聯(lian)(lian)接(jie)。聯(lian)(lian)軸節拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)適(shi)合外表不(bu)(bu)(bu)規則的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子，可(ke)以傳(chuan)遞較大(da)的(de)(de)扭(niu)矩(ju)，適(shi)合拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)等風(feng)阻較大(da)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子，聯(lian)(lian)軸節拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)缺點(dian)是(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)軸節本身的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)量會對(dui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子產生影響(xiang)(xiang)（因此(ci)聯(lian)(lian)軸節在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前要(yao)對(dui)其進(jin)行(xing)平衡(heng)），也會引進(jin)干擾影響(xiang)(xiang)平衡(heng)的(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)，此(ci)外還(huan)要(yao)做(zuo)大(da)量的(de)(de)連接(jie)盤(pan)以適(shi)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)型(xing)號的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子。自驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子自身的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。自驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)平衡(heng)精(jing)度(du)影響(xiang)(xiang)最小的(de)(de)拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式(shi)，平衡(heng)精(jing)度(du)可(ke)達最高，但只有結構(gou)允許的(de)(de)特殊(shu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子才能使(shi)用(yong)(yong)這種拖(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式(shi)。

工作原(yuan)理(li)

平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)物體(轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi))不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大小(xiao)和(he)位置的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)器。因轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)圍繞其軸(zhou)線(xian)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時(shi)(shi)，由于相(xiang)對(dui)于軸(zhou)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分布(bu)不均勻而產(chan)生離心力。這種不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)離心力作(zuo)用(yong)在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)軸(zhou)承(cheng)上會引起振動(dong)，產(chan)生噪聲和(he)加速軸(zhou)承(cheng)磨損(sun)，以(yi)致嚴重(zhong)影響產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)壽(shou)命，因此要(yao)運(yun)用(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)進行檢測(ce)。電機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)主軸(zhou)、風(feng)機(ji)(ji)葉輪、汽輪機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、汽車(che)零部件(jian)和(he)空調風(feng)葉等旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)零部件(jian)在(zai)制造過(guo)程中，都(dou)需要(yao)經過(guo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)穩(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)地運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。根據(ju)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)測(ce)出的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)對(dui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)進行校(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)，可(ke)改善轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)對(dui)于軸(zhou)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分布(bu)，使轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時(shi)(shi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)振動(dong)或作(zuo)用(yong)于軸(zhou)承(cheng)上的(de)(de)(de)振動(dong)力減少到允(yun)許的(de)(de)(de)范圍之內。因此，平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)減小(xiao)振動(dong)、改善性能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)提高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)必不可(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)設備。通常(chang)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)包括不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)校(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)兩個(ge)步驟，平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)主要(yao)用(yong)于不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)用(yong)最小(xiao)可(ke)達(da)剩(sheng)余不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，和(he)不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)減少率兩項(xiang)綜合指(zhi)標表(biao)示的(de)(de)(de)。前者是(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)達(da)到的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)最小(xiao)值，它是(shi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)最高平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標；后(hou)者是(shi)經過(guo)一次校(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)所減少的(de)(de)(de)不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)初(chu)始不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)之比，它是(shi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)效率的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標，一般用(yong)百分數(shu)表(biao)示。