重力式

重(zhong)力平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)一般稱為靜(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)。它是依賴轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)力作(zuo)用(yong)來測(ce)量(liang)(liang)靜(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。它置于(yu)兩(liang)根水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)導軌上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)如(ru)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)，則(ze)它對軸(zhou)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)力矩(ju)使(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)在導軌上(shang)滾(gun)動(dong)，直至(zhi)這(zhe)個(ge)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)處(chu)于(yu)最低位(wei)(wei)置時(shi)才靜(jing)(jing)止。被平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)放在用(yong)靜(jing)(jing)壓軸(zhou)承(cheng)支承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支座(zuo)上(shang)，在支座(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下面(mian)嵌裝一片反(fan)射(she)(she)鏡(jing)。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)不(bu)(bu)存(cun)(cun)在不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，由光(guang)源射(she)(she)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)束(shu)(shu)經此反(fan)射(she)(she)鏡(jing)反(fan)射(she)(she)后，投射(she)(she)在不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)指示(shi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極坐標原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)存(cun)(cun)在不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)，則(ze)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)支座(zuo)在不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)力矩(ju)作(zuo)用(yong)下發生傾斜，支座(zuo)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)射(she)(she)鏡(jing)也隨(sui)之傾斜并使(shi)反(fan)射(she)(she)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)束(shu)(shu)偏(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，這(zhe)樣光(guang)束(shu)(shu)投在極坐標指示(shi)器上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)點(dian)(dian)便離(li)開原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)。根據這(zhe)個(ge)光(guang)點(dian)(dian)偏(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坐標位(wei)(wei)置，可以得到不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小和(he)(he)位(wei)(wei)置。通(tong)常，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)包括不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)校(xiao)正兩(liang)個(ge)步驟，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)主要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)，不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)正則(ze)往往借(jie)助于(yu)鉆(zhan)床、銑床和(he)(he)點(dian)(dian)焊機(ji)(ji)等其他(ta)輔助設備，或用(yong)手工方法完成。有(you)(you)些平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)已將校(xiao)正裝置做成為平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)部分。這(zhe)種平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支承(cheng)剛度小傳(chuan)感(gan)器檢(jian)測(ce)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號與支承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振動(dong)位(wei)(wei)移成正比。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速低於轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)一支承(cheng)系(xi)統固有(you)(you)頻(pin)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱為硬支承(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)種平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支承(cheng)剛度大，傳(chuan)感(gan)器檢(jian)測(ce)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號與支承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振動(dong)力成正比。

離心力式

離心式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態下，根據轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)，或作用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)力(li)來測量(liang)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。其按(an)校正平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)數量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，可分為單(dan)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)雙面(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。單(dan)面(mian)(mian)立式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)只(zhi)能測量(liang)一(yi)個(ge)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(靜不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng))，它雖然是在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時進(jin)行(xing)測量(liang)，但仍屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)靜平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。雙面(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能測量(liang)動(dong)(dong)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，也(ye)能分別測量(liang)靜不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)和(he)(he)偶不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，一(yi)般稱(cheng)為動(dong)(dong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。離心力(li)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)特性(xing)不(bu)同，又可分為軟支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)硬支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)高于(yu)(yu)(yu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統固有(you)頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)為軟支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。這(zhe)種(zhong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)剛(gang)度小，傳感器(qi)檢(jian)測出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號與支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)位移成正比。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)低於轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統固有(you)頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)為硬支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)種(zhong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)剛(gang)度大(da)，傳感器(qi)檢(jian)測出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號與支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)力(li)成正比。在(zai)現代機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械中，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)撓(nao)性(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣泛(fan)應用(yong)，人們研制(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)了撓(nao)性(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。這(zhe)類(lei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)必(bi)須在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)工(gong)作轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)范圍(wei)內進(jin)行(xing)無(wu)級(ji)調(diao)速(su)；除能測量(liang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)或振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)力(li)外(wai)，還(huan)能測量(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撓(nao)曲變(bian)形。撓(nao)性(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)時安裝(zhuang)在(zai)真空防護室內，以(yi)適合(he)汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之類(lei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，它配備(bei)有(you)抽真空系(xi)統、潤滑(hua)系(xi)統、潤滑(hua)油除氣(qi)系(xi)統和(he)(he)數據處理用(yong)計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)統等龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)設備(bei)。根據大(da)批量(liang)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要，對特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)能自動(dong)(dong)完成平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)測量(liang)和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)校正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)(dong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，以(yi)及平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)自動(dong)(dong)線，現代已(yi)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)在(zai)汽(qi)車制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、電機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)等工(gong)業部(bu)門。