動(dong)平(ping)衡機(ji)的工作原理(li)及(ji)分類說明分別有(you)哪些？

      下面河(he)南平(ping)衡機(ji)小編將為(wei)大家總結概述(shu)一下平(ping)衡機(ji)的工作原理及分(fen)類說(shuo)明。

　　動平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)機是(shi)測量旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)物(wu)體(ti)(轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi))不平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)量大小和位置(zhi)的機器。何(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在圍繞其軸線旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時，由于相對于軸線的質量分布不均勻而產(chan)生離(li)心力。這種不平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)離(li)心力作用在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)軸承上會引起振動，產(chan)生噪聲和加速軸承磨損，以致嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)產(chan)品的性能(neng)和壽(shou)命。電機轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、機床主軸、內(nei)燃(ran)機曲軸、汽(qi)輪(lun)機轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、陀螺轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和鐘表擺輪(lun)等旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)零部件(jian)在制(zhi)造過(guo)程中，都需要經過(guo)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)才能(neng)平(ping)(ping)穩正常地運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。

　　根據(ju)平(ping)衡(heng)機測(ce)出的數(shu)據(ju)對轉(zhuan)子的不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)量進行校正，可改善轉(zhuan)子相對于(yu)(yu)軸線的質量分布，使轉(zhuan)子旋轉(zhuan)時產生的振動(dong)(dong)或作(zuo)用于(yu)(yu)軸承上的振動(dong)(dong)力減(jian)少(shao)到允許(xu)的范圍(wei)之內。因此，平(ping)衡(heng)機是減(jian)小振動(dong)(dong)、改善性能(neng)和提(ti)高質量的必不(bu)可少(shao)的設備。

　　通常，轉子的(de)(de)平衡包括不(bu)平衡量的(de)(de)測量和校(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)兩個步驟，平衡機主要用于不(bu)平衡量的(de)(de)測量，而不(bu)平衡量的(de)(de)校(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)則往往借助(zhu)于鉆床、銑床和點焊機等(deng)其(qi)他輔(fu)助(zhu)設備(bei)，或用手工方法完成。有些平衡機已將校(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)裝置(zhi)做(zuo)成為平衡機的(de)(de)一個部(bu)分。

　　重力(li)式平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)和離心力(li)式平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)是(shi)兩類典型的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)。重力(li)式平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)一般稱為靜平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)。它(ta)是(shi)依賴轉子自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)重力(li)作用來(lai)測量(liang)靜不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)：置于兩根(gen)水平(ping)導(dao)軌上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)轉子如(ru)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)，則(ze)它(ta)對軸(zhou)線的(de)(de)(de)重力(li)矩使轉子在(zai)(zai)(zai)導(dao)軌上(shang)(shang)滾動，直至這個不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)處于最低位(wei)置時(shi)才靜止。被平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)轉子放在(zai)(zai)(zai)用靜壓軸(zhou)承支承的(de)(de)(de)支座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)支座(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)下面嵌(qian)裝一片反射(she)(she)鏡。當轉子不(bu)(bu)(bu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)時(shi)，由光源射(she)(she)出的(de)(de)(de)光束經(jing)此反射(she)(she)鏡反射(she)(she)后，投射(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)指示器的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)坐標原點(dian)。如(ru)果轉子存在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)，則(ze)轉子支座(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重力(li)矩作用下發生傾(qing)斜(xie)，支座(zuo)下的(de)(de)(de)反射(she)(she)鏡也隨之傾(qing)斜(xie)并使反射(she)(she)出的(de)(de)(de)光束偏轉，這樣(yang)光束投在(zai)(zai)(zai)極(ji)坐標指示器上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)光點(dian)便離開原點(dian)。根(gen)據(ju)這個光點(dian)偏轉的(de)(de)(de)坐標位(wei)置，可以得到不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)和位(wei)置。

　　重力式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機僅(jin)適用(yong)于某些平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)高的(de)盤狀零(ling)件(jian)。對于平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)要(yao)求高的(de)轉(zhuan)子，一(yi)般采用(yong)離(li)心(xin)式(shi)單面(mian)(mian)或雙(shuang)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機。按校(xiao)正平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)數量(liang)的(de)不(bu)(bu)同，可分為單面(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機和(he)雙(shuang)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機。單面(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機只能測(ce)量(liang)一(yi)個平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)上的(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(靜不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng))，它雖然是在轉(zhuan)子旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)時進(jin)行測(ce)量(liang)，但仍屬于靜平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機。雙(shuang)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機能測(ce)量(liang)動(dong)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，也能分別測(ce)量(liang)靜不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)和(he)偶(ou)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，一(yi)般稱為動(dong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機。

　　平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)特性不(bu)(bu)同，又可分為軟支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和硬(ying)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)轉速高于轉子(zi)一(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統固(gu)有頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為軟支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。這種平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)剛度(du)小(xiao)，傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)檢測(ce)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)信號與支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)振動位移成正(zheng)比(bi)。平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)轉速低於(wu)轉子(zi)一(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統固(gu)有頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為硬(ying)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，這種平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)剛度(du)大，傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)檢測(ce)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)信號與支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)振動力成正(zheng)比(bi)。平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主要性能(neng)(neng)用最(zui)小(xiao)可達剩(sheng)余不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量，和不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量減(jian)少率(lv)(lv)(lv)兩項綜(zong)合指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)表(biao)示。前者是(shi)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)使轉子(zi)達到的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)小(xiao)值，它(ta)是(shi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最(zui)高平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)能(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao);后者是(shi)經過一(yi)次(ci)校正(zheng)后所(suo)減(jian)少的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量與初始不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量之(zhi)比(bi)，它(ta)是(shi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)，一(yi)般(ban)用百分數表(biao)示。

　　在(zai)現代(dai)機(ji)械中，由于撓性(xing)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)廣泛應(ying)用，人(ren)們研制(zhi)出了撓性(xing)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)機(ji)。這(zhe)類平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)機(ji)必須在(zai)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)工作轉(zhuan)速范圍內進行(xing)無級調速;除(chu)能測(ce)量(liang)支承的(de)振(zhen)動(dong)或振(zhen)動(dong)力外(wai)，還能測(ce)量(liang)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)撓曲變形。撓性(xing)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)機(ji)有時安裝在(zai)真空(kong)防護室內，以適合汽(qi)輪機(ji)之類轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，它配備有抽真空(kong)系(xi)統(tong)、潤滑(hua)系(xi)統(tong)、潤滑(hua)油除(chu)氣系(xi)統(tong)和數據處理用計(ji)算機(ji)系(xi)統(tong)等龐大(da)的(de)輔助設備。

　　根據大(da)(da)批量生產的(de)需(xu)要，對特定的(de)轉子能自動完成平衡(heng)測量和平衡(heng)校正的(de)自動平衡(heng)機，以及平衡(heng)自動線(xian)，現代已(yi)大(da)(da)量的(de)裝(zhuang)備在汽車制(zhi)造、電機制(zhi)造等(deng)工業(ye)部門。更(geng)多相關平衡(heng)機方面的(de)知識可參(can)考鄭州(zhou)豐爾(er)平衡(heng)技術有限公司網站。//hengfu1998.com.cn/